Comparing the Concept of Ideal State Through the Lens of al-Farabi’s and Augustine’s Perspectives
Abstract
This research is a comparative analysis over the concept of an ideal state according to the perspective of a Muslim philosopher, Al-Farabi and that of a Christian philosopher, Augustine. It is an interfaith study that is based on a library research. The main data are collected through the book of Arā 'Ahl al-Madīnah al-Fādilah by al-Farabi and The City of God, by Agustinus, before they are analyzed with a hermeneutic approach. It argues that there are some similarities between Al-Farabi’s and Augustine's thoughts on the concept of ideal state, as well as a few differences. According to al-Farabi, an ideal state is the one that is led by a prophet or a philosopher, because, like the heart in a human body, the leader occupies a central position and is highly decisive. An ideal state according to Augustine refers to the concept of the city of God or the heavenly city, which is resided by innocent people, or sinners who have received God’s repentance. In this regards, the opposite of the City of God is the City of Man, in which all sinners are living their lives.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Augustine, Augustinus de Cathechizandis Rubidus. Diterjemahkan oleh Van den End. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1999.
_____, The City of God. London: J.M. Dent &Sons Ltd, 1950.
Aziz, Abdul, Chiefdom Madinah: Salah Paham Negara Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka Alfabet, 2011.
Bakri, Syamsul, “Agama, Persoalan Sosial, dan Krisis Moral.” Komunikasi : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 3, no. 1 (t.t.): 42.
Budiarjo, Miriam, Dasar-dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2001.
Budiman, Arief, Teori Negara: Negara, Ideologi dan Kedaulatan. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1996.
Djatimala, S., Augustinus Anak Petani Dari Thagaste. 2 ed. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1966.
Drajat, Amroeni, Suhrawardi: Kritik Falsafah Parepatetik. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2005.
al-Farabi, Abu Nashr Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Tarkhan bin Auzalagh, Arā’ Ahl al-Madīnah al-Fādilah. Mesir: al-Azhar, t.t.
Frend, W.H.C., The Rise of Christianity. Darton: longman and Tood, 1984.
Geisler, N.L., “Augustine of Hippo.” in Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, Walter E. Elwell (ed), 106. Baker: Grand Rapids, 1984.
Hasani, Ismail, “Paradoks Konstitusional Jaminan Kebebasan Beragama/Berkeyakinan.” Mimbar: Jurnal Agama dan Budaya 26, no. 3 (2009): 385.
Heris, Hermawan, Filsafat Islam. 1 ed. Bandung: CV. Insan Mandiri, 2011.
Hutchinson, Gladstone & Schumacher, Ute, “Government Policy and Human Development Evidence from Developping Countries”, Journal of Third World Studies, Volume XII, no. 2, 1995.
Inson and Ute Schumacher. “Government Policy and Human Development Evidence from Developing Countries.” Journal of The Third World Studies XII, no. 2 (1995): 247.
Justo, Gonzales L., A History of Christian Thought. Nashville: Abingdon, 1971.
Kansil, C.S.T., Ilmu Negara Umum dan Indonesia. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2001.
Kelsen, Hans, Teori Umum tentang Hukum dan Negara. Bandung: Nusa Media, 2011.
al-Maududi, Abul A’la, Nazhariyyah Al-Islam Al-Siyasiyyah. Kuwait: Maktabah al Manar, t.t.
al-Mawardi, al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyah: Prinsip-Prinsip Penyelenggaraan Negara Islam. Jakarta: Daarul Falah, 2000.
Mustofa, A., Filsafat Islam. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 1999.
Nasution, Hasyimsyah, Filsafat Ilmu. Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama, 2005.
Natsir, Muhammad, Agama dan Negara dalam Perspektif Islam. Jakarta: Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia, 2001.
Poerwantana, Abu Ahmadi, and Rosali. Seluk beluk Filsafat Islam. Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1988.
Rapar, J. H., Filsafat Politik Agustinus. Jakarta: Rajawali, 1989.
Robert M. Maclver. The Modern State. London: Oxford University Press, 1955.
Rousseou, J.J., Kontrak Sosial. Jakarta: Erlangga, 1986.
Rumanto, Y., “Gagasan Filsafat Politik Al-Farabi.” Jurnal Driyarkara, 2003, 35.
Scott, T. Kermit. Augustine, His Thougt in Context. New York: Mahwah, NJ, 1995.
Sizoo, A., Augustinus, Hidupnya dan Karyanya. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1975.
Sjadzali, Munawir, Islam dan Tata Negara; Ajaran, Sejarah dan Pemikiran. Jakarta: UI Press, 1993.
Soehino, Ilmu Negara. Yogyakarta: Liberty, 1980.
Soltau, Roger H., An Introduction to Politics. London: longmans, 1961.
Sudarsono, Filsafat Ilsam. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010.
Suhelmi, Ahmad, Pemikiran Politik Barat. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2007.
Supriyadi, Dedi, Pengantar Filsafat Islam. 1 ed. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2009.
Suseno, Frans Magnis, Kuasa dan Moral. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2000.
_____, Frans Magnis, Pijar-Pijar Filsafat, dari Gatholoco ke Filsafat Perempuan, dari Adam Muller ke Post Modernisme. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2005.
al-Syarafa, Ismail, Ensiklopedi Filsafat. Jakarta: Khalifa Pustaka Al-Kautsar Grup, 2005.
Wafa, Abdul Wahid, Al-Madînah al-Fâdlilah li al-Farabi. 2 ed. Kairo: Alam Kutub, 1973.
Walzer, Richard, “Greek into Arabic: Essays on Islamic Philosophy,” the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1962.
Weber, Max, Gerth, Hans Heinrich, and Mils, C. Wright, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1955.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/klm.v14i1.3797
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 KALAM
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
KALAM [ISSN: 0853-9510, e-ISSN: 2540-7759] published by Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia in collaboration with Asosiasi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam (Islamic Theology and Philosophy Association).
Office: Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung. Letkol H. Endro Suratmin Street, Sukarame, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia, Postal code 34513. Website: http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/kalam, Email: kalam@radenintan.ac.id.
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.