Authority Sharing Between the Central and Regional Government in The Implementation of Pesantrens Law and Its Relevance to Hifdz al-Dîn Efforts

: Authority Sharing Between the Central and Regional Government in The Implementation of Pesantrens Law and Its Relevance to Hifdz al-Dîn Efforts. This study aims to examine the shift/sharing of authority between the Central and Regional Governments in the religious field, particularly regarding the implementation of Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning pesantren. The Law provides a portion of authority to the Regional Government to facilitate pesantrens in carrying out its functions as one of the centers for the development of Islamic religious knowledge. The Law also obliges the local Government to fund the pesantrens through regional revenue and expenditure budgets by their authority and guided by statutory provisions. This study uses a normative juridical method. The results of this research conclude that the existence of the pesantrens Law, on the one hand, shows that the Government has concern for efforts to maintain religion ( hifdz al-dîn ), on the other hand, indicating that there has been a shift in authority from the Central to the Regional Government in governing of religion, particularly in terms of administering pesantrens.


Introduction
Pesantrens is the oldest Islamic educational institution in Indonesia which plays an important role in providing education for the Indonesian nation, especially religious education. 1The presence of pesantrens amid society is not only an educational institution but also a religious and social religious broadcasting institution.As a religious institution, pesantrens carries out da'wah activities among the community, in the sense of carrying out activities and fostering religious awareness to consistently implement Islamic teachings.As a social institution, the pesantrens are involved in dealing with social problems faced by society. 2 On this basis, the existence of pesantrens in Indonesia has greatly influenced the surrounding community, especially in terms of education.This is because, since its inception, pesantrens have been prepared to educate and disseminate Islamic teachings to the public through recitation, both with traditional and modern systems.The general explanation of Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning pesantrens confirms that: ..... to increase faith and piety as well as noble character, Pesantrens that grow and develop in society with their particularities have made an important contribution in realizing Islam that is rahmatan lil'alamin by giving birth to faithful people who have character, love the motherland and progress, and are proven to have a real role both in the movement and struggle for independence and in national development within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.Pesantrens as a subculture have characteristics that have taken root and live and develop in society in carrying out the functions of education, missionary functions, and community empowerment functions.Pesantrens are community-based institutions established by individuals, foundations, Islamic community organizations, and/or communities that instill faith and devotion to Allah SWT, cultivate noble character, and uphold the Islamic teachings of rahmatan lil'alamin which are reflected in a humble attitude, tolerance, balance, moderation, and other noble values of the Indonesian nation through education, Islamic da 'wah, exemplary, and  The existence of pesantrens has become a capital for Indonesia's future progress.The Legal Politics of the Pesantrens Law places the Central and Regional Governments as important actors to facilitate pesantrens in the context of da'wah and community empowerment.In the era of regional autonomy, the role of the Regional Government to advance and empower regional potentials must be realized.Moreover, with the existence of a decentralization system, the shift of power from the central government to Regional Governments requires the transfer of government affairs from the central to Regional Governments, not only at the provincial level but also at the district and city levels throughout Indonesia.If in the previous conditions, the flow of government power moved from the regions to the central level, then ideally since the implementation of the regional autonomy policy the flow of power dynamics has moved in the opposite direction, namely from the center to the regions. 3nceptually, decentralization means power to act independently (vrije beweging) given to state units to self-govern their regions, based on a selfinitiative called autonomy, which Van Vollenhoven calls eigenmeesterschap. 4ccording to Joeniarto's view,5 decentralization is intended to give authority from the state government to local governments to regulate and manage certain affairs as their household affairs.Decentralization can also be interpreted as delegating government authority to other parties to implement it.
Based on the above concept, development in the era of regional autonomy is a strategic step to realize national development goals, especially in the education and religious sectors.Moreover, in the condition of a nation that is experiencing a moral crisis (degradation).Pesantrens, as educational institutions that form and develop moral values, appear as pioneers as well as inspirations for raising the nation's morals.Thus, Vol. 20, Nomor 1, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16080development does not become empty but more valuable and meaningful.Along with the noble desire to foster and develop society, pesantrens, with their independence, continuously make efforts to develop and strengthen themselves.
The Law on Pesantrens gives a portion of authority to Regional Governments, both Provincial and Regency/City to facilitate pesantrens in carrying out their functions, while at the same time stipulating the Regional Government to fund the implementation of the institution through regional revenue and expenditure budgets by their authority and provisions of laws and regulations.When it comes to the authority of the Regional Government, the Pesantrens Law certainly must be linked to the existence of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning the Regional Government later amended by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation.The Regional Government Law is a law that regulates the authority and affairs owned by Regional Governments in carrying out regional autonomy within the framework of a unitary state.
In the NKRI Constitution, it is expressly stated that the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions, and the provincial areas are divided into regencies and cities, each of which has a regional administration regulated by law.In carrying out their administration, provincial Regional Governments and district/city governments regulate and manage their government affairs according to the principle of autonomy and co-administration.Regional Governments carry out the widest possible autonomy, except for government affairs which are determined by law as the affairs of the Central Government.In the Regional Government Law, it has been explicitly regulated which government affairs are the authority of the central government, including general government affairs which are the authority of the president as head of government, and which concurrent government affairs are the authority of the regional government.Absolute government affairs include foreign policy, defense, security, justice, national monetary and fiscal, and religion.Outside of the absolute and general government affairs carried out by the president, the authority is fully delegated to the regions, which are then called concurrent government affairs.
The Regional Government Law does not regulate the authority of local governments to regulate matters relating to pesantrens.However, the regional authority that arises about pesantrens is more of a direct delegation from Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning pesantrens so the Regional Government is also obliged to facilitate and provide support for pesantrens.Needlessly to say, the implementation of facilitation and support for pesantrens carried out by the regional government must remain within the framework of regional autonomy as stipulated in the Regional Government Law.This means that the affairs of pesantrens which are closely related to religious affairs are absolute and remain under the authority of the central government, while a slice of the authority of the Central Government is delegated to the Regional Government.
The topic of pesantrens and government authority has been studied by many previous researchers.Among the studies referred to, one of them is Badrudin, Yedi Purwanto, and Chairil N Siregar's research which concluded that pesantrens as one of the religious education institutions in Indonesia have had a very long history and have made a real contribution to building the morals and morals of the nation's generation.Unfortunately, the political will and commitment of the Government to empowering pesantrens is very slow.Considering that pesantrens are struggling to achieve Indonesia's national education goals, the researcher recommends that the Ministry of Religion take strategic steps to make policies (as a political product) that can accelerate the empowerment and development of pesantrens so that they are more empowered, qualified, and worthy of being called religious educational institutions. 6Another research with a different topic is Dahlia's research which discusses the absolute authority of the Central Government, as specifically regulated in Law Number 23 of 2014.Absolute authority is government affairs that become the authority of the Central Government.In the field of religion, three areas become the central authority, namely: 1. Determination of religious holidays.2. Give recognition to the existence of a religion.3. Establish policies in the administration of religious life.7 Similar research is that of Deni Jaya Saputra which describes that there has been a development in absolute government affairs in the field of religion, especially in matters of zakat.In that research, Deni explained that in terms of zakat management, the Governor, including the Regents and Mayors, can propose the formation of a National Zakat Amil Agency in the regions to the Minister.The researcher also explained that matters related to zakat in the regions can be regulated through Regional Regulations. 8 As far as the author has been able to trace, a special study discussing pesantrens about absolute government affairs in the field of religion has never been carried out.Moreover, specifically, regarding the division of authority between the central government and Regional Governments in the field of pesantrens.On this basis, the researcher tries to examine this topic and divides it into two sub-focuses.First, the division of authority between the Central Government and Regional Governments in Pesantrens Affairs.Secondly, the shift in absolute government affairs in the field of Religion, especially pesantrens affairs.

Research Methods
This type of research is normative legal research conducted through literature studies and statutory regulations, especially those related to the division of authority between the central government and Regional Governments in implementing pesantrens.Legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials.Primary legal materials consist of Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning pesantrens, Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, and Regional Regulations that regulate pesantrens.Secondary legal materials include books, journals, and various literature related to the division of authority between the central government and Regional Governments in managing pesantrens and the concept of hifdz al-dîn.Techniques for collecting legal materials through literature study.The legal material analysis technique uses a qualitative descriptive method.

Pesantrens and Efforts to Preserve Religion (Hifdz al-Dîn)
The existence of the Pesantrens Law is an effort to recognize and affirm the State for this institution since pesantrens has made an important contribution in realizing Islam that is rahmatan lil'alamîn by giving birth to faithful people with character, love for the motherland and progress, and are proven to have a real role both in the movement and in the struggle to achieve independence and national development.Pesantrens has an important contribution to forming a moderate understanding of religion and religiosity as well as forming behavior that encourages the creation of religious harmony.9 Concerning the objectives of Islamic law, the existence of the Pesantrens Law can be seen as a form of effort to maintain religion (hifdz al-dîn).The existence of religion is natural for every human being.Therefore positive law must protect a form of human rights from threats or harassment from any party.In diversity, Islamic law always develops an attitude of tasâmuh (tolerance) toward followers of other religions, as long as they do not interfere with one another. 10nceptually and in practice, pesantrens has a characteristic as an entity or institution that spreads Islam through education.The pattern of broadcasting and Islamic education in pesantrens cannot be separated from the existence of 2 main elements of pesantrens.First, the kyai.The pattern of broadcasting and Islamic education in pesantrens is carried out through the existence of kyai, a figure who is considered to have a high level of knowledge in the Islamic religion and is considered to play a role as a figure, role model, and/or caretaker of the pesantrens. 11The existence of the kyai has a central position in the life of the pesantrens, this is because the kyai is the main support for the continuity of the education system in the pesantrens, but also because the figure of the kyai is a reflection of the values that live in the santri community.It can be said, the presence of kyai is a characteristic of the pattern of Islamic education and teaching in pesantrens which is not found in other educational institutions or entities.
Second, the santri.Etymology, the word "santri" comes from the Sanskrit word "sastri" which means literacy.The word santri is also said to come from the Javanese language "cantrik" which means someone who always follows a teacher where the teacher lives.12Based on this description, it can be said that santri are students who have the goal of learning from teachers, who in this case are called kyai in pesantrens.Santri has an important presence as students who educate and become followers in broadcasting and Islamic education in pesantrens.
The above description shows that the existence of pesantrens has an important role as an effort to embody the value of Belief in One God and humanity that is just and civilized in forming educated Indonesians and for residents who are Muslim as a place of Islamic education and teaching.The existence of pesantrens is an entity or institution that has an important role in efforts to realize the goals of the Indonesian Nation as stated in the 4th Paragraph of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, namely to educate the life of the nation.In addition, pesantrens also have strong roots and closeness to the community.
Pesantrens, with all their elements, have a strategic role in developing an attitude of tolerance and have been proven to have a real contribution to the development of national character.Pesantrens also has a missionary function.To preserve religion, Islam commands preaching and jihâd to defend and fight for religion.In addition, pesantrens education aims to create individuals who understand Islam as a way of life (tafaqquh fî aldîn) by emphasizing noble ethics and morals (akhlâq karîmah) in society. 13th the existence of the Pesantrens Law, the state has supported Muslims to continue to spread da'wah, especially da'wah related to the problems of the people.According to Hamdan Zoelva, with the existence of this law, it can be said that Islam has priority in policy, and has the most important hierarchy, without reducing the interests and services of other religions.This is reasonable because Indonesia not only has a Muslim majority population but also the history of the birth of the Indonesian nation of independence and the initial formulation of the 1945 Constitution is very closely related to the interests of Muslims. 14

Authority Sharing between the Central and Regional Governments on Pesantrens Affairs
The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) is divided into provincial regions, and the provincial areas are subdivided into regencies and cities, each of which has administrative authority as regulated by law. 15Such an affirmation is meant to further clarify the division of regions within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which includes provinces, which include districts, and cities. 16 At present, the authority relationship between the central government and Regional Governments is not limited to matters regulated in the Regional Government Law.The emergence of sectoral laws also has the potential to even regulate the division of authority between the central government and Regional Governments.
The impact of regional autonomy on the development of the authority relations between the central government and Regional Governments is very broad and spread out in various regulations.The central government, 13 Yusuf Hanafi and others, 'The New Identity of Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools in the "New Normal": The Education Leadership Response to COVID-19', Heliyon, 7.3 (2021)   in drafting laws and regulations, must always pay attention to the interests and powers of Regional Governments.17Moreover, with the existence of regional autonomy, each region will be given the freedom to develop programs and submit them to the central government.In fact, through regional autonomy, it is hoped that in the future it can give birth to regional creativity and innovation which will contribute to the realization of effective regional governance. 18 terms of managing pesantrens, the authority of the local government appears through Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning Pesantrens.The Pesantrens Law is a law that was formed to optimize and accommodate developments in the aspirations and legal needs of the community and to create a legal umbrella that is integrated with the interests of pesantrens. 19The Pesantrens Law strengthens the legality of Pesantrens governance, which so far has only been regulated through regulations from the Ministry of Religion.With the existence of the Pesantrens Law, the central government and Regional Governments are also obliged to facilitate and provide support for the development of these institutions.
The Pesantrens Law provides an obligation for local governments to provide support and facilitation to the pesantrens in the form of budgetary policies in funding or financial assistance schemes.There are three activities for organizing pesantrens which must be part of the budget ceiling allocation in the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD), namely (i) the allocation of financing for the Masyâyikh Assembly (Managers); (ii) support for the implementation of the missionary function; and (iii) support and facilitation of the implementation of the community empowerment function.This shows the amount of attention and support from the government in supporting and facilitating the implementation of pesantrens.
The Pesantrens Law rigidly regulates local governments to assist in funding the implementation of pesantrens through the regional budget following their authority and statutory provisions. 20Local governments are required to make budget ceilings to help organize pesantrens following their needs.In terms of statutory regulations, local governments need more detailed or detailed regulations regarding the budgeting mechanism to be implemented, so that funding support and facilities can continue to be implemented.in an accountable and responsible manner.
Local government support for the implementation of community empowerment functions is also regulated in the minimum rules; In other words, the provision of support to pesantrens must have a minimum limit and must be guaranteed. 21This means that further regulations related to the implementation of support and facilitation are still needed.This is because the form of community empowerment by pesantrens has very broad potential. 22Details of the authority of the Regional Government in the Islamic Boarding School Law include as follows: Table 1.Regional Government Authority in the Pesantrens Law and Article 9 of Presidential Regulation Number 82 of 2021 concerning Funding for Pesantrens, the support from the Regional Government helps fund the development of pesantrens, the implementation of educational functions, da'wah, Islamic community empowerment, including incentives to the organizers known as the Masyâyikh Assembly. 23e presence of regulations related to the implementation of the Pesantrens Law overlaps with other regulations such as the Regional Government Law and also with various regulations in certain sectors and other fields.This is in line with the need for autonomy in regional government which is intended to increase the authority to regulate and manage their households and minimize the intervention of the central government in regional household affairs.With the condition that Indonesia consists of various cultures and subcultures that spread throughout Indonesia and the variety of very diverse localities, the choice of autonomy provides the widest possible opportunity for each region to develop according to the natural potential and resources that exist in each region, which at the same time will create an atmosphere of interregional competition in realizing prosperity for its people. 24rthermore, with the implementation of regional autonomy, the burden on the central government in the field of service to the community can be reduced. 25Through this system, the central government and local governments can collaborate according to their respective roles, duties, and authorities.Specifically in the context of pesantrens, this collaboration of authority is not intended to interfere with pesantrens but is interpreted as the obligation of the local government to pesantrens as mandated by law.In addition, the presence of the Islamic Boarding School Law has a mission to create a moderate understanding of religion, love of the motherland, and religious harmony, and to form the character of a nation's civilization that is intellectual, dignified, and progressive. 26This means that the presence of Law Number 18 of 2019 is also an affirmation of the importance of pesantrens, which are currently known as propagators of the concept of Washatiyah Islâm (moderate Islam).Pesantrens will have a huge opportunity to expand and strengthen their work in various fields, especially in the aspects of tafaqquh fî al-dîn, da'wah, community empowerment, community economic empowerment, and many other aspects that pesantrens can work on. 27 the other hand, local governments also need participatory channels so that the community can provide input on the implementation of Pesantrens Law. 28Since the pesantrens have a close relationship with the community, criticism, and suggestions, therefore, are needed as a control and evaluation mechanism for policies implemented by the local government.This means that the regulation of the monitoring system and mechanism for follow-up is very necessary.

Shift in Absolute Government Affairs in the Field of Religion, Particularly Regarding
There are 4 (four) points to assess whether the emergence of this law on pesantrens has shifted the paradigm of absolute government affairs from the Central Government to the Regional Governments.
First, related to the definition of absolute government affairs.Absolute government affairs are affairs that fully fall under the authority of the Central Government.Article 18 paragraph (5) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia stipulates that the Regional Government shall exercise the widest possible autonomy, except for governmental affairs which are determined by law as the affairs of the Central Government.Furthermore, Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government has emphasized that Central Government affairs include foreign policy, defense, security, justice, national monetary and fiscal, as well as religion.However, Law Number 32 of 2004 only regulates government affairs and their authority, it does not explain the distribution of authority, rights, and obligations between the Central Government and Regional Governments. 29ter the publication of the new Regional Government Law, namely Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, then 3 (three) classifications of government affairs were regulated in detail, namely absolute government affairs, concurrent government affairs, and general government affairs.Absolute government affairs are affairs which are fully under the authority of the Central Government.Concurrent Government affairs are affairs which are divided between the Central Government and Provincial/ district/city regions which become the basis for the implementation of Regional Autonomy.While general governmental affairs are affairs which fall under the authority of the President as the head of government Normatively, absolute government affairs are then spelled out in Article 10 of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government which includes: foreign policy, defense, security, justice, national monetary and fiscal, and religion.Specifically on religious affairs, the elucidation of Article 10 of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, explains that what is meant by "religious affairs" is for example: establishing religious holidays that apply nationally, giving recognition to the existence of a religion, establishing policies in the implementation religious life, and so on.Regions can provide grants for the implementation of religious activities as an effort to increase regional participation in fostering religious life, for example organizing Musâbaqah Tilâwatil Qur' ân (MTQ), developing the field of religious education, and so on. 30urthermore, Article 10 Paragraph (2) Law Number 23 of 2014 Regional Government stipulates that in carrying out absolute government affairs, the Central Government carries out itself or delegates authority to Vertical Agencies in the Regions or governors as representatives of the Central Government based on the principle of Deconcentration.This shows that the concept of absolute government affairs in the field of religion is very limited both in terms of the type of activity and the technical implementation of its authority.The types of religious affairs activities which are the affairs of the central government have been regulated in the elucidation of Article 10 of the Regional Government Law as mentioned above.As for the technical implementation of authority, the Central Government can carry out the authority itself or delegate authority to Vertical Agencies (in religious matters meaning the Ministry of Religion which has the Department of Religion) in the Regions or governors as representatives of the Central Government based on the principle of Deconcentration.
If related to the development of the implementation of pesantrens, the Islamic Boarding School Law has regulated and divided the roles of the central government and the role of regional (provincial/district/city) governments in implementing pesantrens.Even local governments following their authority can facilitate the development of pesantrens.Therefore, the existence of regional government authority in the implementation of pesantrens indicates that there has been a shift in affairs from absolute to relative.
Second, related to the debate about whether this Islamic boarding school is a matter in the field of religion, pesantrens is a religious affair.Article 1 number (1) of the Pesantrens Law defines that pesantrens are community-based institutions and are established by individuals, foundations, Islamic community organizations, and/or communities that instill faith and piety to Allah SWT, cultivate noble character and giving recognition to the existence of a religion, establishing policies in the administration of religious life, and so on; and certain parts of other government affairs on a national scale, not left to the regions.Especially in the religious field, some of the activities can be assigned by the Government to the Regions as an effort to increase the participation of the Regions in fostering religious life.
adhere to the Islamic teachings of rahmatan lil'alamîn which is reflected in the attitude of humility, tolerance, balance, moderation, and other noble values of the Indonesian nation through education, Islamic da'wah, and exemplary, community empowerment within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Furthermore, Article 3 of the Islamic Boarding School Law stipulates that pesantrens are organized with the objectives of: a. forming superior individuals in various fields who understand and practice the values of their religious teachings and/or become experts in religious knowledge who are faithful, pious, have a noble character, are knowledgeable, independent, helpful, balanced, and moderate; b. forming a moderate understanding of religion and diversity and love for the motherland as well as forming behavior that encourages the creation of religious harmony, and; c. improving the quality of life of people who are empowered to meet the educational needs of citizens and social welfare of the community.Based on the definitions, objectives, and elements of pesantrens above, it is clear that pesantrens are affairs in the field of religion, especially Islam.Pesantrens are one of the institutions that become centers for the development of religious knowledge.Therefore, the regulation regarding pesantrens emphasizes that the pesantrens is a religious issue.This means that both the Central Government and Regional Governments have the authority to be involved in the implementation and development of pesantrens.This explanation reinforces the previous point, that the emergence of the Pesantren Law has shifted the paradigm of absolute government affairs.
Third, related to authority.Referring to the discussion of the previous sub-chapter, the Pesantrens Law has regulated and divided the roles of local governments in implementing pesantrens.The Regional Government Law, indeed, does not regulate the authority of Regional Governments to regulate matters relating to pesantrens.However, the regional authority that arises is related to pesantrens, more to direct delegation in the Pesantrens Law.The Regional Government is also obliged to facilitate and provide support for pesantrens.However, the implementation of facilitation and support for pesantrens carried out by the local government remains within the framework of regional autonomy as regulated in the Regional Government Law.
As a follow-up to the Pesantrens Law, several provinces/districts have even established Regional Regulations, as shown in the following table: Meanwhile, districts/cities that also have regional regulations governing the implementation/development of Islamic boarding schools include: The stipulation of Regional Regulations, both Provincial and Regency/City above, has implications for the strong role and duties of the Regional Government in facilitating the development of the pesantrens, namely: (1) The regional government must stipulate policies for facilitating the development of pesantrens into the regional mediumterm development plans (RPJMD) and regional government work plans (RKPD).(2) The Regional Government must establish a minimum standard for the Facilitation of Islamic Boarding Schools.(3) The Regional Government must allocate the budget for the facilitation of pesantrens, carry out guidance and supervision in the implementation of pesantrens, and implement facilitation, based on statutory provisions.
Fourth, democracy requires that all government policies, especially in the regions, are based on community participation and are fully oriented toward people's welfare.As emphasized by Siti Zuhro, in the perspective of democracy, Regional government is a collection of local units of government that are autonomous, independent, and free from central control.In this system, local government includes institutions or organizations that provide services to the community. 31Democratic institutions, in local politics, reflect community participation because community involvement in the decision-making process is one of the main characteristics of regional autonomy.
The effectiveness of local government institutions largely depends on the functioning of local government decision-making and implementation.The right of civil society to gain access to politics and the opportunity to fight for their interests is important in the context of local politics.More than that, in the current era of regional autonomy, local governments are expected to prioritize the interests of the community.Without community support, the realization of government policy programs will not achieve maximum results.In addition, in the context of central-regional relations, a centralistic perspective that tends to be hierarchical-dominative and sees the regions as subordinate to the center is of course no longer following the demands for reform and democratization. 32egarding the policy towards pesantrens in the regions, the reality is that the number of pesantrens in Indonesia is very large, each region has a varying number with different characteristics.This phenomenon results in efforts to facilitate the implementation of pesantrens carried out by the Regional Government which will also vary in region.Community participation in the regions will be more effective if the government's policies towards the pesantrens are carried out in a bottom-up and not top-down manner.

Conclusion
Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that: First, pesantrens aim to create individuals who understand Islamic knowledge as a way of life (tafaqquh fî al-dîn) by emphasizing noble ethics and morals (akhlâq karîmah).Therefore the existence of this institution needs to be strengthened because it has an important role in maintaining religion (hifdz al-dîn).Second, the relationship between the authority of the central government and the post-reform Regional Governments has developed dynamically.The regulation of the relationship of authority is not limited to what is stipulated in the Regional Government Law but has also developed in various sectoral regulations, one of which is Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning Pesantrens.Third, the Pesantrens Law obliges local governments to provide support to the institution in the form of budgetary policies in funding or financial assistance schemes.This phenomenon indicates a shift in authority from the Central Government to Regional Governments where the Central Government is no longer dominant in managing Islamic Boarding School affairs.With the emergence of the Pesantren Law, religious affairs which were originally absolute government affairs shifted to relative affairs; in other words, it is no longer only the authority of the Central Government, but also part of the authority of Regional Governments, both at the provincial, district or city government level.

Furthermore,
Article 5 of the Islamic Boarding School Law stipulates that pesantrens are divided into (1) Pesantrens which organize education in the form of studying the Yellow Book; (2) Pesantrens which organize education in the form of Islamic Dirasah with the Muallimin Education Pattern; (3) Pesantrens that provide education in other forms that are integrated with general education.Apart from this division, Pesantrens must at least fulfill the following elements: a. Kyai; b.Santri who live in Pesantrens; c. cottage or dormitory; d. mosque or prayer room; and e. study of the Yellow Book or Islamic Dirâsah with Muallimîn Education Patterns. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06549>.p.2.