Hakikat Penolakan Imam Syâfi’î Terhadap Istihsân dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Islam

Maimun Maimun

Abstract


Abtract: Essencial Rejection Shafi’i istihsân and its Relevance Against Islamic Family Law Reform. Rejection and cancellation Shafi against istihsân as a proposition of law in totality, both at the level of theoretical concepts-normative and applicative-implementable on legal cases. Hanafi fiqh scholars accusations against Shafi’i on a number of practice ijtihad, it was not proven true, and not one single subject matter Shafi’i establish legal provisions based istihsân problem. If rejection Shafi’i against istihsân associated with ideas and movements of Islamic family law reform in this modern era, seems to have loosened even relevanced with time and age condition that the substance of the reform movement can be realized. Had istihsân not be an alternative baselines and the determination of the legal settlement, then Islam is often said to be righteous shâlih li kulli zamân wa makân just a mere jargon.

 

Hakikat Penolakan Imam Syâfi’î Terhadap Istihsân dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Islam. Penolakan dan pembatalan Syâfi’î terhadap istihsân sebagai dalil penetapan hukum secara totalitas, baik dalam tataran konsep teoritis-normatif maupun aplikatif-implementatif terhadap kasus-kasus hukum. Tuduhan ulama ushûl Hanâfî terhadap Syâfi’î mengenai sejumlah praktik ijtihadnya, ternyata tidak terbukti kebenarannya, dan tidak ditemukan satu pokok bahasan pun Syâfi’î menetapkan ketetapan hukum suatu masalah berdasarkan istihsân. Apabila penolakan Syâfi’î terhadap istihsân dikaitkan dengan gagasan dan gerakan pembaruan hukum keluarga Islam di era modern ini, tampaknya perlu dilonggarkan bahkan direlevansikan dengan kondisi waktu dan zaman agar substansi gerakan pembaruan dapat diwujudkan. Sekiranya istihsân tidak dijadikan alternatif acuan dasar penyelesaian dan penetapan hukum, maka Islam yang sering dikatakan sebagai shâlih li kulli zamân wa makân hanyalah jargon belaka.


Keywords


Shafi'i; Istihsân; Updates; Islamic Family Law; Pembaruan; Hukum Keluarga Islam

References


Amin, Ma’ruf, Fatwa dalam Sistem Hukum Islam, Jakarta: Penerbit Elsas, 2008.

Ghazâli, Abî Hamîd, Al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm al-Ushûl, Ttp.: al-Fanniyyah al-Muttahidah, 1971.

Na’îm, al-, Abdullah Ahmed, Toward an Islamic Reformation; Civil Liberties, Human Rights and International Law, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1990.

Hallaq, Weal B., A History of Islamic Theories, alih bahasa E. Kusnadiningrat dan Abdul Haris bin Wahid, Sejarah Teori Hukum Islam, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2000.

Hilal, Judah, “Al-Istihsân wa al-Mashlahat” dalam Usbû’ al-Fiqh al-Islâmy wa Mahrûjaz al-Imâm ibn Taimiyah, Ttp.: al-Majlis al-A’la Lirri’ayah al-Funun wa al-Adab wa al-‘Ulum al-Ijtima’iyyah, 1380 H.

Ibn Rusyd, Imâm al-Qâdi Abû al-Walîd, Bidâyah al-Mujtahid wa Nihâyah al-Muqtashid, Ttp.: Dâr al-Fikr, t.t.

Ibn Qudâmah, Imâm Muwâffiq al-Dîn Abdullah bin Ahmad, Raudhah al-Nâzhir wa Jannah al-Manâzhir, Bayrût: Dâr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1414 H./1994 M.

Jurjâni, ‘Ali bin Muhammad, Kitâb al-Ta’rîfât, Jeddah: al-Haramain, t.t.

Khallâf, Abd. al-Wahâb, ‘Ilm Ushûl al-Fiqh, Ttp.; Dâr al-Kuwaitiyyah, 1968.

______, Mashâdir al-Tasyrî’ al-Islâmy fîmâ lâ Nashsha Fîh, Kuwait: Dâr al-Qalam, 1392 H./1972 M.

Kahlani, Muhammad Ismâ’il, Subul al-Salâm, Juz 2, Bandung: Penerbit Dahlan, t.t.

Nasution, Khoiruddin, Hukum Perdata (Keluarga) Islam Indonesia dan Perbandingan Hukum Perkawinan di Dunia Muslim, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Academia dan Tazzafa, 2009.

______, Hukum Keluarga (Perdata) Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Academia dan Tazzafa, 2010.

Sarakhsi, Abî Bakar Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Abî Sahl, Ushûl al-Sarakhsi, Abû al-Wafa’ al-Afghâni (Pentahqiq), Ttp.: Dâr al-Kitâb al-‘Araby, 1372 H.

______, Al-Mabsûth, Juz ke 10 dan 11, Bayrût: Dâr al-Ma’rifat, 1406 H.

Sa’îd, Abd. al-Azîz bin Abd. al-Rahmîn, Ibn Qudâmah wa Atsaruh al-Ushûliyyah, Riyadh: al-Mamlakah al’Arabiyyah al-Su’ûdiyyah, 1399 H.

Sâyih, Ahmad Abd. al-Rahâm, Risâlah fî al-Ri’âyah al-Mashlahah, Mishr: Dâr al-Mishriyyah al-Lubnâniyyah, 1993.

Syâfi’î, Muhammad bin Idrîs, Al-Risâlah, Ahmad Muhammad Syâkir (Pentahqiq), Ttp.: Dâr al-Fikr, t.t.

______, Al-Umm, Juz ke 6 dan 7, Ttp.: Dâr al-Fikr al-‘Araby, 1983.

Syâtibi, Abî Ishâq, Al-Muwâfaqât fî Ushûl al-Ahkâm, Jld. 2, Juz 4, Bayrût: Dâr al-Fikr, t.t.

______, Kitâb al-I’tishâm, Juz 2, Bayrût: Dâr al-Fikr, 1424 H./2003 M.

Syalabi, Muhammad Musthafâ, Ta’lîl al-Ahkâm, Bayrût: Dâr al-Nahdhah al-‘Arabiyyah, 1981.

Qarâdhâwi, al-, Yûsuf, Syarî’at al-Islâm Shâlihah li al-Tathbîq fî Kull Zamân wa Makân, Tnp.: Dâr al-Sakhwah al-Qâhirah, 1393 H.

______, ‘Awâmil al-Sâ’ah wa al-Murûnah fî Syarî’ah al-Islâm, Ttp.: Dâr al-Sakhwah al-Qâhirah, 1406 H./1985 M.

Wahid, Marzuki, Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia Pasca Orde Baru, Studi Politik Hukum atas CLD-KHI, Cirebon: Fahmina Institute, t.t.

Zaid, Musthafa, Al-Mashlahat fî al-Tasyrî’ al-Islâmy wa Najmuddin al-Thûfi, Ttp.: Dâr al-Fikr al-‘Araby, 1964.

Zahrah, Muhammad Abû, Ushûl al-Fiqh, Ttp.: Dâr al-Fikr al-‘Araby, t.t.

Zarqâ, Mushthafâ Ahmad, Al-Madkhal al-Fiqh al-‘Âmm, Juz 1, Damaskus: Alif al-Adib, 1967.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v12i2.3017

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2014 AL-'ADALAH

Creative Commons License

Al-'Adalah is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.