Prophet Yusuf's Character in the Quran: A Perspective from Maslow's Humanistic Psychology in Arabic Linguistics

: The Story of Prophet Yusuf in the Quran is the only story that is presented in a single surah with a complete narrative. The spiritual, leadership, and integrity traits of Prophet Yusuf serve as exemplary characteristics that educate the interlocutors. This qualitative descriptive research, utilizing literary psychology theory, aimed to analyze the motivations of Prophet Yusuf based on Abraham H. Maslow's theory of needs. The primary data for this article was derived from Surah Yusuf in the Quran. The analysis technique employed was interactive, involving data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions/verification. The result of this research found that in the story of Yusuf there were five motivation needs, namely: safety, physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. All of the motivation needs of Yusuf were fulfilled properly so he could have a good humanistic personality that benefited him and the others around him also the others were far from him. This research had implications for character transformation among the interlocutors based on the exemplary behaviour of Prophet Yusuf in fulfilling their needs


Introduction
One type of personality that humans have is the humanistic personality. 1 This personality is influenced by the existence of internal motivation within a person.It is stated in the KBBI that motivation is an internal drive within a person, whether consciously or not, to take any action with a specific purpose.Motivation according to a psychologist named Abraham Maslow consists of human needs that apply naturally, 2 1 Sendika Lestari, Herman J Waluyo and Negraheni Eko Wardani, "Humanistic Psychology Study of Abraham Maslow on the Main Character in Tiba Sebelum Berangkat Novel by Faisal Oddang," Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2019): 110-118.
2 Lynn Wilcox, Psikologi Kepribadian Analisis Seluk-beluk Kepribadian Manusia (Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2013).namely: physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and sel actualization needs. 3In the psychological approach, there is a literary contribution with a distinctive style.Horace said that literary works have a dulce at utile function, meanings that literature has a dual function, like teaching from its technical aspects and educating from its value aspects.
Maslow in his theory emphasizes that the pinnacle of human needs is selfactualization and that every human being essentially has the potential and noble value to develop himself to be better.Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Psychology Theory which consists of five hierarchies of needs, namely: First, physiological (basic) needs.Second, the need for security.Third, the need for love and belonging.Fourth, the need for selfesteem.Fifth, the need for self-actualization.There is fulfillment of Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Psychology needs in the prophet Joseph.How the figure of the Prophet Yusuf in fulfilling these needs is important in this study.The character of the Prophet Yusuf needs an example of the people and Abraham Maslow's humanistic studies showed that his hierarchy of needs was well fulfilled.That is the reason that makes this study significant.
In the other hand, one of the famous literary works is the story of Yusuf.It interweaves various sociological, psychological, and familial constrains into a literary. 4me of the findings in previous research on the story of Yusuf are as follows.First, the story of Yusuf contained five intrinsic elements as ideally for modern literary works, namely: theme, character and characterization, dialogue, plot, and setting. 5Second, Yusuf when communicating with his father, brother, and people around him applies a dynamic interpersonal communication process, ranging from linear, interactive models to transactional models. 6Third, Yusuf applied and exemplified the leadership characteristics, including being proactive, having a clear goal of improving people's welfare, and being multi-social so that they can continue to protect all regardless of ethnic differences. 7Fourth, Yusuf in the economic field contributed greatly to the 3 Oktarina Putrianti, Masnuatul Hawa, and Nur Alfin Hidayati, "Analisis Psikologi Sastra Novel Hati Suhita Karya Khilma Anis," Jurnal Pendidika Bahasa Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2020): 148-158. 4 Alaa Abbas survival of Egypt.He has proposed a strategic plan to build strong food security, namely mass production of wheat and food stock management, as well as a culture of frugal living in food consumption. 8910Fifth, among personality values of Yusuf that can be used as millennial figures, are: children with a good education from parents, youth who are optimistic in dealing with problems, and youth who are patient, strong, and forgiving. 11sed on the semiotic analysis, the snippet of the story of handsomeness of Prophet Yusuf implies an order to guard oneself against adultery.This ideal personality was worthy of being imitated by people who behave taqwa.Based on the pragmatic analysis, the implict meaning in the story of Yusuf was not a fixed entity because it depended on the intentions and individual language. 12Based on the semantic analysis, the proper name of Yusuf/Joseph expressed the author's intention. 13Based on the psychological analysis of Sigmund Freud's perspective, it was stated that Yusuf had a superego personality that leads to Islamic values.This value was implemented in taqwa behavior.If the desire to do bad appeared in Yusuf, instead of fulfilling his desire, Yusuf fortified himself by trying to realize the instructions from Allah. 14sed on the analysis of the philosophy of education in the story of Yusuf, there are three processes that Yusuf has gone through to avoid adultery, namely: asking for protection from Allah, remembering His goodness and remembering the consequences of adultery as exemplified in his predecessors.The exposure to the findings of previous studies above proved that the story of Yusuf is very important to study and research.
Therefore, in this research, the story of Yusuf will be presented with a different review, namely from the point of view of humanistic psycholiterature.Here would be analyzed his motivational needs and how he got the fulfillment.Consequently, the theory of motivation needs has implications for the formation of identity, the basis of morality, and the babademergence of values. 15It had an important role in terms of education systems. 16 the conclusion of a symposium that concerned to the motivational needs of young people and their fulfillment, especially in the 21st century.So, that they can know their identity and know the direction of their life goals. 17e results of this study were expected to be role models in real life for everyone, that the fulfillment of self-actualization needs will be fulfilled properly when a person has fulfilled the other four motivation needs well.So, they can pay more attention to fulfilling their motivational needs in positive ways and with positive aims.The objective of this research is to reveal the character of Prophet Yusuf based on Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation in order to provide exemplification to the interlocutors.

This research was a text research (dirasah nushusiyah). To gain an in-depth
understanding of the story of Yusuf and the answers to the problem formulations that have been presented, a qualitative approach was used because the final report of a qualitative study has a flexible structure or framework.The type of research was descriptive research to describe the content of the text which is critically studied. 18xtual analysis is the most important method in literary studies.
However, literary analysis doesn't merely involve discovering the author's intended  Qishshah, story of Yusuf written by Toha Mahsun in a book Qiashash al-Anbiya ', 19 articles and texts about Yusuf, text about humanistic psycholiterature theories, and text motivation needs by Abraham Maslow.
There are 5 steps to conduct content analysis: select the content you will analyze, define the units and categories of analysis, develop a set of rules for coding, code the text according to the rules and analyze the results and draw conclusions.The data analysis technique in this research was content analysis followed the steps mentioned in Ahmadi 20 (1) identification, determine of data identity, (2) classification, organize data based on group of motivation needs: physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem, and self actualization needs, (3) processing, translate data into needed information, (4) reduction, simplify data, (5) exposure, decipher data based on theory, and conclusion, make a summary.

Results and Discussion
Humanistic psychology is a perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization.
Psycholiterature is an interdisciplinary between psychology and literature which views a literary work as a psychological activity.Studying psycholiterature is the same as studying humans from the inside. 21Minderop said that the appeal of psycholiterature is on human problems with a portrait of the soul. 22Ratna added that psycholiterature tries to provide knowledge to readers through understanding the characters and social contradictions in literary works related to the psyche.Thus, psycholiterature research can be carried out by analyzing literary texts that consider the relevance and role of psychological studies, whose objects of study are human aspects including psychology.
Such as the study of humanistic psychology carried out by Abraham Maslow, humanistic psycholiterature discusses the humanistic personality of a character in a literary work in terms of his motivation. 23 motivation is in the form of a variety of needs arranged in a hierarchical or tiered form. 24ere are five types of human needs in the hierarchy of needs classified by Maslow, namely: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. 2526Maslow's needs hierarchy consisted of a set of mentalistic inferences.With behavioral metrics, it is important to be understood as primary and secondary reinforcers that change with stage. 27Maslow's theory is significant to develop a need-based activity that everyone can follow throughout their lifecycle on the path to self-actualization.According to Maslow, safety needs are in the form of self-protection from something that is considered dangerous, including assurance, stability, order, and freedom from fear and anxiety.These needs had been faced by individuals since childhood when they were exploring their environment. 29Safety needs are the first needs described in the story of Yusuf.It started with dream of Yusuf that he saw the sun and the moon were prostrating to him.Upon hearing that, his father (Ayub) prevented him from telling the dream to his brothers, for fear of causing jealousy which led to their hatred of Yusuf (QS.Yusuf verse 4-5).When Yusuf's brothers planned to kill him, one of them opposed the plan.He suggested just putting him in the well so that he would be picked up by the traveler (QS.Yusuf verse 9-10).Yusuf was found by travelers and sold to an Egyptian (QS.Yusuf verse 19-20).Yusuf was spared from the deception of the women who were attracted to him by being put in prison (QS.Yusuf verse 33-34).
Maslow stated that physiological needs include clothing, food, and shelter. 30ysiological needs in the story of Yusuf were fulfilled when he lived with the Egyptian family.He got a proper place to live and good service of necessities there (QS.Yusuf verse 21).He contributed greatly to the survival of Egypt.He has proposed a strategic plan to build strong food security, namely mass production of wheat and food stock management, as well as a culture of frugal living in food consumption (QS.Yusuf verses 46-49).This could be an example about methods of planning and preparedness for disaster management. 31slow said that social needs can be obtained satisfaction through friends, family, or organization. 32In this case, it is equally important to give and receive love. 33cial needs in the form of love and belongingness were seen when the woman who owned the house expressed her desire to Yusuf.Although humanely he also had a desire for the woman, he could still control himself and his consciousness, so that he was not carried away by his desires (QS.Yusuf verse 2-24).Yusuf also received a lot of love from his father, both when he was with him (QS.Yusuf verse 8) and when he was separated from him (QS.Yusuf verse 84-87).
Maslow divided these needs into two categories.First, it was based on respect for abilities, independence, and self-realization. 3435Second, it was based on the judgement of others.This can be seen in the efforts to appreciate themselves and maintain status.
Appreciation from others is paramount, such as awards based on reputation, admiration, status, popularity, prestige or success in society and all attitudes and views of society towards a person.The fulfillment of esteem needs in the story of Yusuf could be known when he was able to interpret the dreams of two inmates who were with him in prison (QS.Yusuf verse 36 & 41).Then, he was asked to interpret the dreams of the King QS.
Yusuf verse 46-49).Thanks to his honesty and the truth of his dream interpretation, Yusuf was released from prison and elevated to a person whom the king trusted and given a high position as a state treasurer in Egypt (QS.Yusuf verse 54-55).Yusuf also appreciated himself after he gave forgiveness to his brothers (QS.Yusuf verse 90) and when he realized the interpretation of his dream long time ago (QS.Yusuf 101).
Maslow described this need as the desire to be oneself to the fullest of one's abilities.He assumed that every human being has an intrinsic good nature, which makes development possible.Healthy development occurs when humans actualize themselves and realize all their potential.Self-actualizing people are motivated by meta-needs that are oriented towards the adjustment of the individual's life with unique self-actualization tendencies and are aimed at increasing experiences of tensions that lead to internal growth. 36sed on the results of her research, Istiqomah generalized that each stage of fulfillment in the hierarchy of needs that exists in a person can to build a diverse personality.First, if the safety needs are perfectly met, he can be a brave and agile person without fear and hesitation to step on something that was considered right and benefits many people.Second, when physiological needs are perfectly met, he can become an independent person and tend to establish a mutual symbiosis with others.Third, when the needs for love and belonging or social needs are perfectly fulfilled, he can become a humanist and highly social person.Fourth, if the esteem needs are perfectly met, he can become a person full of authority in social relationships.All personalities that are built as implications of fulfilling the four needs above are a person's main capital for the next step to fulfill his need for self-actualization. 37e fulfillment of self-actualization needs in the story of Yusuf could be known when he was a King fulfilled the request for food aid to his brothers who had thrown him into the well without taking the things they had exchanged (QS.Yusuf verse 65).He gave the same to his brothers when they came a second time on the same business.He gave forgiveness for the actions of those who had thrown him into the well (QS.Yusuf verse 88 & 92).He greeted his father, all his brothers, and their families with a very good welcome in his palace (QS.Yusuf verse 99-100).This article had implications for character transformation among the interlocutors based on the exemplary behavior of Prophet Yusuf in fulfilling their needs, as proposed by Abraham Maslow.This research had not examined aspects of the hierarchy of needs based on Abraham Maslow's theory which was associated with religious studies related to spiritual needs according to scholars such as Imam Syafi`i or others.For the further researcher, the result of this research can be a reference to analyze process of fulfilling motivation needs and achievement self actualization of the other prophet, messenger, or the other great figures which written in literature, perhaps it can be better reflection and example.

Conclusion
All of the motivation needs of Yusuf were fulfilled properly.His safety needs were fulfilled by his father, the traveler, the King and the kingdom's family.His physiological needs were fulfilled by the King, and the kingdom's family.His social needs in the form of love and belongingness fulfilled by his father.He also had the same desire as the wife's King, but he could control himself and his consciousness.His esteem needs were fulfilled by the appreciation from the inmates, the King, his father, and his self, also from everyone that ever saw him.His actualization needs were fulfilled by himself as a King who could give forgiveness for his brothers for their negative behavior due to excessive jealousy.Finally, with the fulfillment of all motivation needs in stages one to four, Yusuf could actualize himself well.He became a King with a good humanistic personality and could do a lot of good for the people around him even those who were far from him.With set an example of Yusuf story about process of fulfilling motivation needs, it can give positive implication.If a human as a prophet still needs long and complex way to actualize him self, so we as usual human maybe need longer and more complex way.Thus, we need harder effort and avoidance of give up.
meaning.It often also explores potentially unintended connections between different texts, asks what a text reveals about the context in which it was written, or seeks to analyze a classic text in a new and unexpected way.The primary data in this research was sourced from Surah Yusuf in al-Qur'an.The secondary data was taken from some books, such as the story of Yusuf written by Ahmad Abu Sa'd in the book Fann al-15 Christine N.
28 This article aimed to analyze the motivations of Prophet Yusuf based on Abraham H. Maslow's theory of needs.Based on Abraham Maslow's humanistic psychology theory, the motivation needs of Prophet Yusuf consist of safety, physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.The summary of those needs as follows: Picture 1. Motivation Needs of Prophet Yusuf