Stylistic of The Qur ’ an : The Existence of Majaz Mursal I ’ tibar Ma

_______________________ *Correspondence Address: murdiono@umm.ac.id Abstract: The existence of majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana in the Qur'an has proven the use of majaz style of language in the Qur'an which underlined that the Qur‟an cannot be separated from majaz. The study of the Qur'an will cause the ambiguity in meaning and even fatal mistakes if balaghah approach (majaz) is not used. The data of this research were obtained from the Qur'an and the opinions of several Balaghah experts, such as Abu Ubaidah and Az-Zamakhsyary as the source of information in this study. Semantics was also used in this research, which was analyzing the meaning of the verses of the Qur'an which were classified as majaz i'tibar ma kana. The research results showed that there were 12 verses in the Qur'an including majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana which were found in the different verses, such as surah Al-Baqarah verse (2): 234, surah An-nisa verse (4): 2, surah An-nisa verse (4) 12, surah Al-Rahman verse (55): 56, surah Al-Kahfi verse (28): 47, surah Al-Hujarat verse (49): 9, surah: An-Naml verse (27): 87, surah Fussilat verse (41): 21, surah Thaha verse (20): 74, surah Nuh verse (71): 26-2, surah Ad-Dhukhan (44) verse: 47,48 49. So, there must be a meaningful figure of speech (metaphor) in understanding the verses of the Qur'an and there was no ambiguous meaning. Therefore, this study suggested the need to explore the science of balaghah as one of the tools of science in understanding the Qur'an implicitly.


Introduction
Fi'il madhi is usually used for the future form or i'tibar ma kana in Balaghah is one of the styles of language in Al-Qur'an. 1 Fi'il madhi is a verb (fi'il) that indicates the past conversation or something that has passed. 2 such as word "fahima" which means 1  "has understood" and "kharaja" which means "has come out". The further study 3 and understanding Balaghah is important especially majaz mursal i'tibar. 45 It become important because when the position that logically should be occupied by fi'il mudhari or majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana 678 but precisely Allah, our Almighty God, revealed in another form, namely fi'il Madhi to show the events that have occurred. 910 The purpose of it is to increase the faith of reader or the listener through the verses because all the things above happened is a truth. 1112 I'tibar ma kana is part of the majaz mursal indicator that mentions something that has happened whereas it exactly has not happened yet or that will happen. 1314 Majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana is the object of study of Bayan. Bayan science is part of balaghah, 1516 and balaghah is a science that explores the miracle of Al-Qur'an on the aspects of the language style and aesthetics. 1718  10 Mila Dewi Kania, Intan Rembulan, and Nur Hizbullah, "Analisis Perbandingan Delesi Pada Verba Pasif (Fi"il Majhul) Antara Surah Al-Qiyaamah Dengan an-Nabaa," Prosiding Seminar Nasional Linguistik Dan Sastra (Semantiks) 2020 1, no. 1 (2020) balaghah approach. One of them is "Tafsir az-zamakhsyary" entitled "al-Kasyf". 19 Based on the data, the hypothesis was "If there is no majaz in Al-Qur'an, it will cause the meaning ambiguity and unacceptable 20 , as in surah Az-Zalzalah which stated "the earth emits heavy burdens". This verse has the ambiguity if it is interpreted literally. It is impossible for the mountain itself to be able to issue heavy burdens. 21 It must be interpreted by using majaz that the one who issued the heavy burdens is not a mountain but Allah, the Almighty. 22 In this context, the study of majaz is not to deconstruct the text of Al-Qur'an, 2324 but as an effort in understanding the thought in the Islamic world about the study of Al-Qur'an. The controversy in this case gives the impact to the Islamic science, such as the Ushuluyyin and Lughawiyin. 2526 Departing from the theory that language as a medium that must be maintained and suspected, including Arabic as the language of Al-Qur'an. 27 Not all rules of Arabic in accordance with the style of Al-Qur'an language 28 although Al-Qur'an uses Arabic language such as the style of i'tibar ma kana or the use of fi'il madhi means mudhari conventionally not in accordance with arabic rules. 29 It is not a mistake, but Al-Qur"an has a level of greatness in the aspect of language as a miracle of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). 3031 Some studies have conducted studies on majaz in Al-Qur'an namely (1) Research that aims to discover the urgency of majaz and the nature in Al-Qur'an by using 19 Ahmad Muhsin, "Gaya Iltifāt Dalam Al-Qur " an," Diwan: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab 5, no. 2 (2019): 1-13. 20  descriptive qualitative methods. Based on the results of the research, the language style of Al-Qur'an has variations such as amtsal, qasam, qasas, jadal, khabar, al-insya', tasybih, isti'arah, haqiqah, majaz and in the several sentences in Al-Qur'an , there are some special meanings and general meanings 32 .
(2) Research that aims to examine verses including majaz mursal in Surah Al-Baqarah by using descriptive qualitative methods.
According to the result of this research, majaz was used as its expressions in Al-Baqarah, the longest Surah in Al-Qur"an whether majaz isti'arah, majaz mursal or majaz aqliy. 33 (3) Research that aims to examine verses including majaz isti'arah in Al-Qur'an by using descriptive qualitative methods. Based on the result of the research, borrowing word (isti'arah) in Al-Qur'an apparently aims to attract the attention of listeners and readers of Al-Qur'an. 34 (4) the research about the origin of Balaghah according to 'Ali 'Asyri Zaid by using Gracia theory in interpreting the text based on the historical aspect and the meaning of the text. Based on its results, the existence of Balaghah studies are marked by the existence of kalam experts in studying the miracle of Al-Quran. 35 (5) The research about the style of isti'arah language in Al-Qur'an by using descriptive qualitative methods. According to the results of the research, the miracles of Al-Qur'an is an expression that contains metaphors and effects resulting from the structure of language used by Al-Qur'an. The disclosure of isti'arah is from the perspective of tharfayin in Al-Qur'an such as isti'arah makniyyah and tashrihiyyah and from the perspective of musta'arnya such as isti'arah taba'iyah and ashliyyah. 36 Based on these studies, the aim of the researchers to study and have a research about balaghah in Al-Qur'an on the aspects of majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana because there are no researchers who study specifically about majaz i'tibar ma kana. The previous research focused on the study of majaz isti'arah in Al-Qur'an. Majaz mursal, which focused on Surah Al-Baqarah becomes an opportunity for researchers to study Al-Qur'an in the other aspects of majaz mursal especially I'tibar ma kana. Hermeneutic method was used with the Balaghah approach, namely Thematic, the steps to determine the problem to be discussed (topic); gathering the verses relating to majaz mursal i'tibar 32  Semantics is the research of certain meanings in a particular language according to the classification system. This method is used to examine the meaning of vocabulary in the verses that contains majaz mursal I'tibar ma kana, and Descriptive is research conducted based on facts or phenomena of existing language, without considering the error of the language use. These approaches are used to analyze verses including majaz mursal I'tibar ma kana in Al-Qur'an.
Based on the data, encourage researchers to reveal that the style of Al-Qur'an (30 juz), majaz mursal alaqah i'tibar ma kana is usually used which is characteristic of the invulnerability of Al-Qur'an, and its existence becomes the thing that can determine the understanding of Al-Qur'an in the right way. 37 If majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana is only interpreted in normative Arabic rules without using Balaghah, there will be the ambiguity of the meaning and causing error. 38 Balaghah language style should not be ignored in language included in the activity of translating foreign languages moreover in Al-Qur'an translation that is specific and has its own language style because it is not human product. 39

Method
This research was a library research with descriptive analysis method which was done by collecting data, compiling or clarifying, compiling and interpreting it. 40 This research was a study of the text contained in Al-Qur'an which was the verses that use the style of majaz alaqah i'tibar ma kana or the use of fiil madhi which means mudhari' in Al-Qur"an according to the perspective of Balaghah. Because the existence of majaz kana in Al-Qur"an used thematic, semantic, comparative, hermeneutic and linguistic analysis, induction, and deduction methods were used. 42 In this library research, the data source which was written material consisted of primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source in this study was Al-Qur"an (a whole 30 juz) which is studying verses that use the style of alaqah i'tibar ma kana or the use of fiil madhi which means mudhari'. While the secondary data was a book entitled "majaz Al-Qur'an" by Abu Ubaidah al-Mastani and the other books and literatures relevant to the research related to majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana in Al-Qur"an.
The data analysis techniques used in Balaghah are thematic, which is the steps to determine the problem to be discussed (topic); collecting verses relating to majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana in Al-Qur"an 30 juz; Comparative, it is to understand the correlation of these verses in their respective contexts; discussion in an out-line framework. Semantics, which is research of certain meanings in a particular language according to the classification system. This method is used to examine the meaning of the vocabulary majaz mursal I'tibar ma kana in Al-Qur"an 30 juz, and descriptive, which is research conducted based on the facts or phenomena of existing language, without considering the error of the language use.

Result and Discussion
In previous studies, researchers have not found any research that examines the specifics of majaz i'tibar ma kana. The previous research has only focused on theoretical studies, so it has not discussed about the substance of the verses of Al-Qur"an. Hence, in this article, the researchers focused on majaz mursal i'tibar ma kana which are alaqah and qarinah and divided into nine forms, such as alaqah sababiyah, musabbabiyah, juziyyah, kuliyyah, i'tibaru ma kana, i'tibaru maa yakuunu, mahaliyyah, haliyyah, and aliyah. In addition, in this study, researchers only focused on vocabulary that belongs to the category majaz mursal i'tibaru ma kana in Al-Qur"an 30 juz is the use of a word for non-original meanings, and tied with 'alaqah. Based on the findings, the lafazd which includes i'tibaru ma kana in Al-Qur"an are 12 verses which are found in the different surah and described in the following table: 42 Dhuhri, Saifuddin, and Tarmizi Jakfar.2020 "Māturīdite Kalam among Southeast Asian Ash`arite.," Al-jami'ah 58, no. 2 (2020): 319-418.

‫نولكروم‬ ‫سوس‬ ‫نتنول‬ ‫ذقنإنكن‬
Then pour over his head the torment of boiling water "Taste thou the moghty and glorious " The phrase ‫ن‬ ‫ًا‬ ‫زرواج‬ ‫رويذرون‬ means "to leave wives" in Surah Al-Baqarah (2) verse 234, including alaqah i'tibar ma kana or the use of fi'il madhi which means mudhari'.
This verse used " ‫ن‬ ‫ًا‬ ‫زرواج‬ ‫رويذرون‬ " although it is not a wife anymore after the death of the husband. If he were still his wife, then he would be forbidden to marry again after his husband passed away. Although his wife remarried but they were once husband and wife, so Al-Qur"an mentions ‫ن"‬ ‫ًا‬ ‫زرواج‬ ‫"رويذرون‬ as a suggestion to the wife to wait for the iddah period for four months and 10 days, so that her husband was not forgotten before the end of her iddah period. The language style of Al-Qur"an is intended for the wife to remember her ex husband so that he is always remembered before the end of iddah. In The phrase ‫وليتجمى‬ in Surah An-Nisa (4) verse 2 is classified as alaqah i'tibar ma kana that mentions something that has happened, when what it means is that has not happened or that will happen. The orphan is children who have lost their parents (or one of them). Do you think that Allah has commanded the orphan to give his father's wealth?
This cannot be justified. In this verse there is lafazd " ‫"وليتجمى‬ (orphans), the true meaning is "Give the property to the orphans when they have reached puberty". The use of the word ‫"وليتجمى"‬ (orphan), " is a state in the past form, but it means the future form when the child has reached puberty. As long as it is still a child, he or she is not permissible to control it. Hence, in the redaction of this verse "Wa ātul-yatāmā amwālahum wa lā tatabaddalul-khabīṡa biṭ-ṭayyibi wa lā ta`kulū amwālahum ilā amwālikum, innahụ kāna ḥụbang kabīrā, (And give the orphans their wealth, do not exchange the good for the bad, and do not eat their property with yours. Surely these are a great sin).
Lafadz ‫زرواكم‬ meaning "your wives" in Surah An-nisa (4) verse 12 is classified as alaqah i'tibar ma kana or the use of fiil madhi' which means mudhari'. Because if the wives die then the husband is not his husband anymore. Hence, Al-Qur"an mentions ‫زروج‬ (the wives), when the wives die then the relationship with her husband is over. previously there were two fi'il mudhari. Fi'il madhi is a verb (fi'il) that refers to something that happened before the past or has passed, for example ‫ن"‬ َ ‫م‬ ِ َ " (has understood) and ‫ن"‬ َ ‫ج‬ َ ‫ر‬ َ ‫"خ‬ (has come out). It is a questionable because in the verse, the events that have not happened but expressed with fi'il madhi. As in the sentence ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ُ ‫جه‬ َ ‫ن‬ ْ ‫ر‬ َ ‫ش‬ َ ‫ح‬ َ ‫ر‬ (and We gathered all mankind), has the gathering of mankind not happened at this time? This style of language is used to indicate that yaumul hasyr (the gathering of humans in the end of the day) will actually happen. The truth of this event is very appropriate to be revealed by the form of fi'il madhi which indicates that it actually happened in the past. So, in the redaction of the verse mentioned "Wa yauma nusayyiruljibāla wa taral-arḍa bārizataw wa ḥasyarnāhum fa lam nugādir min-hum aḥadā" (And on the Day when We shall travel the mountains, and you will see the earth flat, and We shall gather all mankind together, and we shall not leave any of them behind). When he has receded, make peace between them according to justice, and be just. God loves those who do justice).
The phrase ‫ن‬ ّ ‫يطمثه‬ ‫لمن‬ means "maiden who has never been touched" in Al-Rahman (55) verse 56 is included alaqah i'tibar ma kana or the use of fi'il madhi which means mudhari. Al-Qur"an explains that the maidens in Paradise are women whom no human and jinn have touched, but they will be the wives of those whom Allah is pleased with. The redaction of the verse is "Fīhinna qāṣirātuṭ-ṭarfi lam yaṭmiṡ-hunna insung qablahum wa lā jānn" (In paradise there are maidens who politely bow their eyes, never touched by men before them (the inhabitants of Paradise who are their husbands), nor by jinn).
The phrase ‫مجرمج‬ which means "sinner" in Thaha (20) verse 74 is alaqah i'tibar ma kana because the use of fiil madhi which means mudhari. The phrase ‫"مجرمج"‬ (the sinner), is the deeds that is done in the world, not in the hereafter, such as sin, corruption, infidelity, goodness, taqwa and faith. Those are the acts which happened in the world because the world is a place to work of getting spiritual merits, and the result will be obtained at the hereafter, a place to get reward, so the phrase ‫مجرمج"‬ " is i'tibar ma kana based on the action in the world. Thaha verse 74 is the verse that describe something that will happen in hereafter, not in the world, with the redaction "Innahụ may ya'ti rabbahụ mujriman fa inna lahụ jahannam, lā yamụtu fīhā wa lā yaḥyā" (Indeed whoever comes to his Lord in sin, then surely for him hell Jahannam. He neither dies there in it, nor lives).
The phrase ‫ن‬ َ ِ ‫س‬ َ َ which means "surprised"in An-Naml (27)  Therefore, it is revealed with fi'il madhi. The style of Al-Qur"an is intended to convince the person who is spoken to about an event that is considered great, which may be the person who was previously spoken to does not believe or even not sure of an event that will come in the future. when the position that should logically be occupied by fi'il mudhari (for future events) is precisely Allah azza wa jalla revealed in another form, namely fi'il madhi (which in the explanations in many books of Nahwu states that fi'il madhi is to show the events that have occurred. So in the redaction of the verse mentioned "Wa qālụ lijulụdihim lima syahittum 'alainā, qālū anṭaqanallāhullażī anṭaqa kulla syai'iw wa huwa khalaqakum awwala marratiw wa ilaihi turja'ụn (And they said to their skins: "Why are you a witness against us?" They would say, "Allah, who gave all things to say, has made us smart, and it is He who created you the first time, and to Him you will be returned). Based on the analysis above, it is concluded that Al-Qur"an has a lot of language style named majaz mursal Alaqah I'tibar ma kana or reveal something that passed but the meaning is something will happen or come, and if the verses are interpreted normatively it will cause ambiguity and error of meaning. Thus, in reviewing Al-Qur"an, it must be comprehensively using Balaghah approach. Balaghah language style should not be ignored in language especially in translating foreign languages, moreover Al-Qur"an translation that is loaded and specific has its own style of language because it is not a human product. 43 In Nadzm Theory, it is explained that Al-Qur"an contains miracles from aspects of Balaghah. Miracles of Al-Qur"an is in the structure or arrangement of language 44 , the harmony of the series of sentences of Al-Qur"an and the richness of redactional art. 45 An interpreter is able to describe the meanings and understand the meaning of Al-Qur"an, it is necessary operational framework that is nahwu, sharaf, and balaghah with various and respective parts. 46

Conclusion
Based on the analysis of the data, it is concluded that the existence of majaz mursal I'tibar ma kana in Al-Qur"an or the use of language style which mentions past form verbs and future verbs will cause the ambiguity of the meaning if it is interpreted only with grammatical Arabic textually. Balaghah is important to be applied in this case.
The placement of fi'il madhi in the place where fi'il mudhari supposed to be (Fi'il that indicates the present time/future) is to convince the person about an event that is considered great, which may be before the person to not not believe in an event that will come in the future. When the position that should logically be occupied by fi'il mudhari (for future events) precisely Allah azza wa jalla revealed in another form, which is fi'il Madhi (which we all know that the explanations in many books of science nahwu states that fi'il madhi form is to show the events that have occurred). This study is only one of the objects in majaz mursal named I'tibar ma kana. Researchers suggest further study related to majaz mursal such as I'tibar maa yakuunu, sababiyah, musabbabiyah, haliyah, etc.  46 Syafrijal, "Tafsir Lughawi," Al-Ta'lim Journalq 1, no. 5 (2013): 421-30, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v20i2.39.