Revolutionizing Nutrition Education: Trends, Innovations, and Prospects in Learning Media

: This comprehensive study conducts an in-depth analysis to explore the dynamic landscape of nutrition learning media research, aiming to delineate evolving trends, developmental trajectories, and their consequential implications. Employing bibliometric analysis and content analysis approaches, this research uncovers distinct publication patterns and citation behaviors, spotlighting pronounced trends catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic, a testament to the adaptability of educational systems. The study identifies a spectrum of learning media formats, encompassing applications, websites, and game-based platforms, while emphasizing the prevalence of experimental and design methodologies within the research paradigm. Keyword clusters elucidate strategies integrating technology and catering to diverse target audiences. In conclusion, nutrition education media plays a pivotal role in addressing health and sustainability challenges. The study advocates for ensuring equitable access to digital resources and advocates for fostering interdisciplinary collaboration as pivotal facets for future research endeavors. Ultimately, this research significantly contributes to enhancing nutrition literacy and underscores the transformative potential of technology-driven education in empowering informed dietary decisions and augmenting overall health outcomes.


INTRODUCTION
Revolutionary shifts in instructional methodologies and the emergence of cutting-edge strategies such as mediabased learning have occurred in the contemporary educational landscape due to technology integration (Groff, 2013).This shift has led to the growing prominence of various media formats in achieving instructional goals, especially in nutrition education (Ciren, 2021;Groff, 2013;Miranti et al., 2021).Against the backdrop of unprecedented global challenges, including the far-reaching impact of the pandemic, there is a growing demand for adaptable and effective learning approaches.Using multiple platforms and formats in educational media has become crucial for continuous learning in rapid spread and change (Brown, 2021;Chatterjee & Chakraborty, 2021;Rahmatullah & Ghufron, 2021).
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are expanding, global population growth continues, and agriculture's contribution to climate change is undeniable.These interrelated factors pose a complex trilemma involving population dynamics, environmental sustainability, and public health (Willett et al., 2019).Dietary modification often emerges as a significant driver in this complex relationship, underscoring the adoption of healthy eating behaviors as an important strategy to mitigate these challenges (Willett et al., 2019).
Given the urgency of these interconnected challenges, nutrition education emerges as a critical catalyst in driving the acceptance and adoption of healthier dietary choices.Educational media offers a promising way to disseminate accurate nutrition information and facilitate behavior change.The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift to distance learning, prompting educators to explore alternative instructional media to meet educational objectives (Bachri et al., 2021;Kusuma et al., 2022;Wijaya & Sugiharto, 2020).This transition significantly underscores the importance of efficiently disseminating appropriate nutrition information in nutrition education.As a result, there has been a noteworthy surge in research efforts focusing on nutrition learning media, including traditional and technology-based approaches (Mohan et al., 2021).Several scientific studies have examined various media platforms, such as those explored by (Winanti et al., 2019), games (Alattabi, 2021), augmented reality (Chanlin & Chan, 2018), and the Internet of Things (IoT) (Alloghani et al., 2016), as means to disseminate nutrition knowledge.
Furthermore, prior scholarly investigations have delved into the realm of nutrition.Zyoud et al. did a bibliometric analysis called "Bibliometric mapping of the landscape and structure of nutrition and depression research: visualization analysis" (Zyoud et al., 2023).They used Scopus data to look at publication patterns and research areas like child nutrition, sports nutrition, nutrition and cancer, and nutrition and COVID-19.Similarly, Silva conducted a bibliometric analysis titled "Food and Nutrition Literacy: Exploring the Divide Between Research and Practice," aimed at assessing the research landscape and bridging the gap between research and practice in food and nutrition literacy (Silva, 2023).Sweileh et al. examined research on "nutrition and dietetics" in Arab countries through bibliometric analysis, providing valuable insights into this domain (Sweileh et al., 2014).This study's primary objective is to comprehensively analyze nutrition's dynamic attributes as a learning medium.It aims to give educators, researchers, and policymakers significant and pertinent insights to inform their endeavors and decision-making within this domain.The study's overarching aim is to enhance nutrition education strategies through an exhaustive examination of research patterns, methodologies, and applications.Ultimately, this initiative aspires to constructively impact the advancement of healthier, more informed societies in the face of interconnected challenges encompassing climate change, agricultural consequences, and the escalating prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

METHOD
This comprehensive analysis research was conducted with a bibliometric approach using metadata from the Scopus database, which consists of scholarly articles from various academic subjects.The globally recognized Scopus platform is ideal for bibliometric research (Chen et al., 2014).Scopus' broad range of disciplines ensures complete coverage for analyzing the nutrition learning media landscape (Silva, 2023;Sweileh et al., 2014;Zyoud et al., 2023).
Our study focused on Scopusindexed nutrition education research from 2000 to July 2022.The search criteria used were "nutrition education" and "learning media" (or "educational media" or "learning media" or "educational technology").We only searched for English-language publications.To obtain an unbiased snapshot and not be affected by database upgrades, the search and data retrieval were conducted on July 7, 2022.We used VOSviewer 1.6.18, a Javabased analysis tool, to better understand the creation, distribution, partnerships, and research directions of nutrition learning media and future directions.We displayed key research landscape patterns using this method.These patterns include publication volume trends, author-institution collaboration, journal citation patterns, and keyword occurrence networks.VOSviewer helps create network graphs with node labeling and color coding to distinguish things.Node diameters indicate citation or occurrence frequency, while link thickness and length indicate the strength of collaborative interactions (Mubaroq et al., 2020;Van Eck & Waltman, 2011, 2014).
The overlay map shows study topics by color-coding the nodes based on the publication year of keywords.The continuum from blue to red shows the progression of study topics from inception to present.Detailed descriptive analysis includes publication year, journal, geographical distribution, institution, author, and references.The above analysis identified prolific authors, productive teams, active research centers, and prominent publication channels.
A thorough content analysis was conducted on the most relevant nutrition learning media research papers.These papers were selected based on their relevance to the research objectives and themes.The selected publications were systematically evaluated to extract and interpret key findings, methods, and implications.The content analysis aimed to identify patterns, trends, and nutrition learning media research advances.The research covered learning media, research methods, and emerging issues.Using a qualitative approach gained a more indepth understanding of the research landscape, thus enhancing overall understanding.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Global Publishing Volume and Trend
Research articles on nutrition learning instructional mediums from 2000 to July 2022 are shown in Figure 2. Publication growth from 2000 to 2016 fluctuated.An analysis of the chart over time shows a rise and decline.For

Prominent Documents and Citations
When examining the second study topic, which explores the advancements in nutrition learning media research by analyzing the citation patterns of pertinent papers, a significant revelation arises.The publications with the highest number of citations reflect influential works that shape the direction of study within the subject.As shown in Table 1, the paper by Reid Chassiakos in 2016 is the most frequently referenced publication in the field (Chassiakos et al., 2016).Furthermore, it effectively corresponds with the current focus on employing digital media to promote health in diverse environments, such as within families (Hendy et al., 2009).The existence of articles focused on medical aspects, like the research conducted by (Bennie et al., 2016;Frøisland et al., 2012;Jørgensen et al., 2003;Linda et al., 2016), emphasizes the interdisciplinary character of studying nutrition learning media.This research serves as a bridge between health education and medicine; up to 55.4% of citations from this medical field were highly cited.This is consistent with the growing educational approaches and broader health problems, clearly connecting with the study question's investigation of trends and advancements.

Analysis of Keywords
The thorough examination of keywords offers more understanding of the complex field of nutrition education research, in line with the second research question that explores advancements in studies related to nutrition learning materials.The process of identifying and clustering keywords provides insight into the prevailing themes and their interconnectedness within the given domain (Wang et al., 2020).The present study employs topic clusters to reveal multifaceted perspective researchers are now investigating in their scholarly inquiries.
Among the 990 keywords initially found, filters and constraints led to deriving a more focused subset consisting of 44 keywords.Within this set of keywords, a number of terms show notable frequency.Specifically, the terms "nutrition" appeared 32 times, "nutrition education" appeared 24 times, "obesity" appeared 23 times, "diabetes" appeared 18 times, "social media" appeared 12 times, "health education" appeared 11 times, "diet" appeared 11 times, and "digital media" appeared ten times.These terms surpassed the established threshold of 10 occurrences.
Figure 3 provides a graphic representation of the co-occurrence of the mentioned keywords, revealing their interconnections and establishing distinct thematic clusters that shed light on the field of nutrition education research within the initial cluster that has been visually emphasized with the color red, a group of 12 specific terms amalgamates to create a prominent focal point, denoting a significant accumulation of citations.This cluster mostly focuses on nutrition-related ideas, encompassing keywords such as obesity, diabetes, diet, health inequalities, health promotion, health care, and lifestyle.The interdependence between obesity and diabetes is highlighted by the notable cooccurrence of the phrases "obesity" and "diabetes."This is due to the large contribution of obesity to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, as demonstrated by (Nguyen et al., 2011).
The second thematic area, the green cluster, highlights the significant importance of nutrition education approaches in research.This cluster consists of ten keywords, with its core concept being "nutrition education."It is supplemented by related concepts like medical education, dietitians, and health literacy.This cluster represents the investigation of innovative pedagogical approaches, encompassing incorporating nutrition instruction via media platforms such as social media and Instagram.Furthermore, including the term "internet" highlights its significance in facilitating digital education and establishing connections with topics such as e-health.
Eight keywords make up cluster three, visually distinguishable by the color blue.This cluster expands the scope of inquiry to include outcomes and support mechanisms within the domain of nutrition education.This cluster shares similarities with the second cluster but focuses more on engineering-based media.It is characterized by phrases such as serious games, gamification, gamebased learning, mobile applications, mobile learning, and augmented reality.These principles provide opportunities to enhance the outcomes of nutrition education by including immersive learning experiences, ultimately resulting in enhanced nutrition knowledge and self-monitoring skills.
Five terms comprise the cluster yellow designates, fourth in the sequence.
This particular cluster exhibits a notable inclination towards health education and sources related to nutrition.This cluster places significant emphasis on health education, health promotion, and nutrition, highlighting the importance of integrating nutrition within the broader framework of health education.Moreover, it is emphasized that the correlation between nutritious sources, particularly vegetables and fruits, is a crucial component of nutrition instruction.Cluster five, which has four keywords and is visually distinguishable by purple, relates to a larger healthcare framework.
It encompasses cardiovascular illness, e-learning, health behavior, and machine learning.This exemplifies the integration of nutrition education with wider health-related concepts, enhancing the research's multidisciplinary scope.Finally, the sixth cluster, indicated by the color brown and consisting of two keywords, focuses on core elements intrinsically connected to nutrition education research, including food and media.These clusters provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex and varied aspects of nutrition education research, showcasing the different areas of study that researchers are investigating.The results obtained from this study align closely with the research question's aim of exploring the changing patterns and advancements in nutrition learning media research.The interconnected network of keywords offers a comprehensive perspective on the interplay between different themes and researchers' adoption of an integrated approach to nutrition education.This approach encompasses technology, health promotion, and pedagogical innovation.
Figure 4 presents a visual representation that illustrates the sequential appearance of author keywords in the domain of learning media in nutrition education.The presented graphic provides a distinct temporal viewpoint, facilitating a more detailed analysis of the development and advancement of particular research topics about learning media within nutrition. As

Addressing Evolving Educational Demands
The fluctuations in publication quantities between 2000 and 2016, followed by a significant increase from 2017 to 2021, can be interpreted as evidence of the adaptable nature of the education sector in efficiently addressing current challenges.The significant increase observed during this period aligns with the worldwide shift towards remote education, which was implemented in reaction to the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic.The global health crisis has prompted a significant change in educational approaches, leading to the examination and implementation of different learning platforms to ensure the uninterrupted continuation of educational processes (Bachri et al., 2021;Kusuma et al., 2022;Wijaya & Sugiharto, 2020).The increased publication activity can be linked to the growing importance of learning media in nutrition education.As a result, there has been a significant surge in scholarly attention and investigation on nutrition learning media.The current increase in educational adaptability underscores the potential of educational systems to effectively address disruptions by incorporating technology and developing creative solutions.

The Interdisciplinary Nature and Health Implications
The papers above have garnered substantial citations and encompass many topics.The studies above encompass an analysis of the impact of digital media on the advancement of family health and an investigation centered on medical topics (Halsall et al., 2016;Linda et al., 2016).The publications above underscore the interdisciplinary character inherent in examining nutrition learning media.Adopting an interdisciplinary methodology is congruent with the research inquiry undertaken in this work, which centered on advancements in scholarly investigation and their impact on citation trends.The statement above emphasizes the significance of collaboration between healthcare, education, and technology experts.It notably underscores the integration of varied viewpoints to enhance the efficacy of nutrition education.Moreover, integrating academic literature on medicine highlights the interconnectedness of health results associated with food decisions, specifically about non-communicable ailments.The statement is consistent with the overarching objective of mitigating the worldwide impact of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by promoting well-informed dietary choices (Willett et al., 2019).

The Educational Paradigm and Technology-Enhanced Learning
Keyword analysis and clustering techniques reveal nutrition learning media topic trends.The clusters' thematic categorizations correspond with research themes, making research advances and real-world application methods easier to understand.The clusters also suggest that technology-integrated, activeengagement initiatives are replacing classroom-centric methods.The green cluster prioritizes nutrition, social media, digital media instruction, and educational methodology development.Technologyintegrated education has led to effective methods for engaging students and teaching nutrition.This includes using social media, digital platforms, and unique educational resources.The yellow cluster emphasizes nutrition education's need for e-learning, mobile learning, and gamification.Technology-based efforts may boost sector engagement.The clustering of themes shows that nutrition education materials cover health-related behaviors, outcomes, and social settings.Due to the complexity of eating habits, a comprehensive educational plan that considers cultural, social, and environmental factors is needed.

A Comprehensive Examination of the Most Pertinent Articles
The global impact of nutrition learning media research underscores how technology and innovative teaching methods aid informed food choices, benefiting health and the environment.Academic engagement surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing schools' adaptability and resourcefulness for learning continuity.However, digital transformation poses challenges of fairness and inclusivity, particularly for disadvantaged groups lacking access to digital resources.Future research should prioritize inclusive strategies to bridge the digital divide and cater to diverse learners.Collaborative efforts among educators, health professionals, technology experts, and legislators in interdisciplinary nutrition learning media studies facilitate evidence-based nutrition education that supports health promotion.Integration of technology holds the potential to enhance health, education, and societal well-being.

Web-based Gamification
The gamified digital interactive platform seems to be a practical and flexible teaching resource for learning about healthy eating.The evaluation of family eating patterns before and after the intervention and a longer intervention period would be beneficial for future program implementations.18 (Yulia et
example, in 2001, there was a drop.Data rose in 2002 but plummeted in 2003.The lowest number of publications occurred in 2003.It also declined in 2007 and rebounded again in the next two years.Two years later, it fell again.Rocketing increased rapidly in 2014 but was reduced in 2015.Same thing in 2016-2017.Between 2017 and 2021, publication numbers climbed by seven each year.In 2021, the highest number of publications occurred, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the growing importance of learning media for distance education.However, 2022 saw a drop due to ongoing data collection, yet the trend of rising publications indicates sustained interest and significance in nutrition learning media research.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Chronological Distribution of Research Related to Learning Media Articles in Nutrition Learning in Scopus (from 2000 to July 2022).

Figuer 4 .
Figuer 4. Timeline View of Co-occurrence of Author Keywords in Learning Media in Nutrition.

Table 2 .
The Overview of the Most Pertinent Articles.